Definitions of corporation


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corporation Definition

(from Wikipedia)



A 'corporation' is created under the laws of a state as a separate legal entity
that has privileges and liabilities that are distinct from those of its
members.[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/corporation Definition of a
"corporation" from Reference.com]
There are many different forms of
corporations. Many corporations are established for business purposes but public
bodies, charities and clubs are often corporations as well. Corporations take
many forms including: statutory corporations, corporations sole, joint-stock
companies and cooperatives. An important (but not universal) contemporary
feature of a corporation is limited liability. If a corporation fails,
shareholders may lose their investments, and employees may lose their jobs, but
neither will be liable for debts to the corporation's creditors.

Despite not being natural persons, corporations are recognized by the law to
have rights and responsibilities like natural persons ("people"). Corporations
can exercise human rights against real individuals and the state,e.g. South
African Constitution Art.8, especially Art.(4)
and they can themselves be
responsible for human rights violations.Phillip I. Blumberg, The
Multinational Challenge to Corporation Law: The Search for a New Corporate
Personality, (1993) discusses the controversial nature of additional rights
being granted to corporations.
Corporations are conceptually immortal but
they can "die" when they are "dissolved" either by statutory operation, order of
court, or voluntary action on the part of shareholders. Insolvency may result in
a form of corporate 'death', when creditors force the liquidation and
dissolution of the corporation under court order,See, for example, the
Business Corporations Act (B.C.) [SBC 2002] CHAPTER 57, Part 10
but it
most often results in a restructuring of corporate holdings. Corporations can
even be convicted of criminal offenses, such as fraud and manslaughter. However
corporations are not living entities in the way that humans are.e.g.
Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007


Early corporations were established by charter (i.e. by an ad hoc act granted by
a monarch or passed by a parliament or legislature). Most jurisdictions now
allow the creation of new corporations through registration. In addition to
legal personality, registered companies tend to have limited liability, be owned
by shareholders who can transfer their shares to others, and controlled by a
board of directors who the shareholders appoint.


Yahoo Answers


Open Question: Why is the Liberal Media so intentionally dishonest?
The Liberal Media comes up with all kinds of crazy stuff and its followers swallow it like sheep. The Liberal Media has actually managed to convince people that global warming is a made up myth to try to tax corporations and implement socialism. They have also managed to convince people through their lies that homosexuality is a choice and that gay marriage is an assault on religion. They have also lied and tried to equivocate taxes, regulations, and welfare as Socialism and have called the president Socialist. The Liberal Media also creates crazy theories of Obama being born in Kenya and such. The liberal media also spreads that fascism is the same thing as socialism. The Liberal Media has convinced people that the Founding Fathers meant for the country to be a Christian theocracy and that secular laws are an assualt on religion. The Liberal Media has also duped people into supporting the teaching of Intelligent Design and used rhetoric to convince people that evolution is only a theory. The Liberal Media also claims that tax cuts for the rich create new jobs and that poor people are lazy. And to top it all off the Liberal Media uses buzz words such as "family values" to justify their lies. Is there any lie the Liberal Media won't tell to push its agenda?

Open Question: How do you calculate retiring bonds before maturity using the straight-line method?
A calender year corporation issued $5,000,000 of 5% at a price generating a 4% yield. The bonds were dated and issued Jan, 1, 2006. The bonds mature on Jan 1, 2016 and pay interest on Jan, 1 and June 30 each year. Payments are $125,000 Interest expense is $104553.75 (no rounding) Premium amortized is $20,446.25 On January 1 2010 the ending carrying value is $5,224,908.75 The question is what is the gain or loss on the retirement of bonds assuming the bonds are redeemed at 102 plus accrued interest on June 1, 2010. Any premium or discount is amortized under the straight line method. Cam any one give me an idea of how I am supposed to calculate and journalize the retirement? That would be great.

Open Question: Nvidia uninstalled my graphics card, now I can't reinstall?
OS NameMicrosoft Windows 7 Home Premium Version6.1.7600 Build 7600 Other OS Description Not Available OS ManufacturerMicrosoft Corporation System NameCHRIS-PC System ManufacturerASUSTeK Computer Inc. System ModelG60VX System Typex64-based PC ProcessorIntel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU P7350 @ 2.00GHz, 2000 Mhz, 2 Core(s), 2 Logical Processor(s) BIOS Version/DateAmerican Megatrends Inc. 203, 5/27/2009 SMBIOS Version2.5 Windows DirectoryC:\Windows System DirectoryC:\Windows\system32 Boot Device\Device\HarddiskVolume2 LocaleUnited States Hardware Abstraction LayerVersion = "6.1.7600.16385" User NameChris-PC\Chris Time ZoneCentral Daylight Time Installed Physical Memory (RAM)4.00 GB Total Physical Memory4.00 GB Available Physical Memory2.18 GB Total Virtual Memory8.00 GB Available Virtual Memory6.13 GB Page File Space4.00 GB Page FileC:\pagefile.sys I ran the NVIDIA installer and tried to install the latest version of the 260m series card, and it uninstalled my card without installing the new version. I didn't even check clean install! Now, I don't have a backup or anything that I can go back to, and my old graphics card is gone! I've been searching for a fix for ~6 hours, and I can't find anything. Every time I run the Nvidia installer it fails at about 10%, I've even tried reinstalling my old driver's version and it won't work! I do not have my windows CDs, so that isn't an option... I also tried installing the driver from scratch from the ASUS website, it just said that it was successful then nothing happened, my graphics are still as bad as they were before it was "successful".

Open Question: Can't reinstall graphics card after Nvidia deleted my old one, please help?
Updating from my original post, here's my computer's specs: OS NameMicrosoft Windows 7 Home Premium Version6.1.7600 Build 7600 Other OS Description Not Available OS ManufacturerMicrosoft Corporation System NameCHRIS-PC System ManufacturerASUSTeK Computer Inc. System ModelG60VX System Typex64-based PC ProcessorIntel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU P7350 @ 2.00GHz, 2000 Mhz, 2 Core(s), 2 Logical Processor(s) BIOS Version/DateAmerican Megatrends Inc. 203, 5/27/2009 SMBIOS Version2.5 Windows DirectoryC:\Windows System DirectoryC:\Windows\system32 Boot Device\Device\HarddiskVolume2 LocaleUnited States Hardware Abstraction LayerVersion = "6.1.7600.16385" User NameChris-PC\Chris Time ZoneCentral Daylight Time Installed Physical Memory (RAM)4.00 GB Total Physical Memory4.00 GB Available Physical Memory2.18 GB Total Virtual Memory8.00 GB Available Virtual Memory6.13 GB Page File Space4.00 GB Page FileC:\pagefile.sys I ran the NVIDIA installer and tried to install the latest version of the 260m series card, and it uninstalled my card without installing the new version. I didn't even check clean install! Now, I don't have a backup or anything that I can go back to, and my old graphics card is gone! I've been searching for a fix for ~6 hours, and I can't find anything. Every time I run the Nvidia installer it fails at about 10%, I've even tried reinstalling my old driver's version and it won't work! I do not have my windows CDs, so that isn't an option... I also tried installing the driver from scratch from the ASUS website, it just said that it was successful then nothing happened, my graphics are still as bad as they were before it was "successful". Also when I go to check what my display specs are under system information, it's blank, so there's nothing there.

Open Question: Calculate the dividend paid.?
Consider the following simplified financial statements for the Phillips Corporation (assuming no income taxes): Income Statement Sales=$23,000 Costs=16,700 Net income=$6,300 Balance Sheet Assets=$15,800 Total Assets=$15,800 Debt=$5,200 Equity=$10,600 Total=$15,800 ________________________________________ Phillips has predicted a sales increase of 15 percent. It has predicted that every item on the balance sheet will increase by 15 percent as well. Required: Calculate the dividend paid. $5,855 $4,875 $5,755 $5,555 $5,655


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